Changing HIV treatment expectancies: a pilot study.

Beliefs about HIV treatment efficacy, adherence self-efficacy, and side effects management are related cross-sectionally to adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, the role of such expectancies held prior to the initiation of ART is unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore feasibility, satisfaction, and preliminary effects of an intervention to address HIV treatment expectancies. ART naïve participants (N = 26) who were contemplating ART initiation were randomized to a single session group intervention or standard care control condition. The session included an exploration of expectancies; an education about ART efficacy, adherence, and side effects; and guided problem solving around adherence and side effects management. The pilot intervention was feasible and was rated highly satisfactory. Follow-up assessments demonstrated that intervention participants increased adherence self-efficacy and positive side effects expectancies relative to those in the control group (ps<.05). Findings have implications for nursing practice and further research in the area of HIV treatment expectancies and treatment readiness.